Before the 1960’s when the Integrated Circuited were not invented then
the in place of Integrated Circuited a component name “Discrete Component” were
used.
Question-What
is Discrete Component ?
Answer-……………………………………………………………
While integrated circuited were small in size and consume less power
then discrete components and it allow more transistors on a single chip which
make more computing power and analytical to system in solving the any problem.
So We can say that “Integrated Circuited is single chip circuit which
contain more number of transistors.”
HISTORY
History of Integrate Circuit is very interesting and sequence full. Mean
as the science developed technology adapted that and make a new invention. As
the same way first The Vacuum Tube were used in 1900’s.
In 1900’s Vacuum Tube Time
Then the in 1905 the first electronic diode vacuum tube is built by
English physicist name “J. Ambrose Fleming. In this diode use the alternating
current into the direct way signal. After then the in 1906 a American scientist
name “Lee De Forest” made a vacuum tube such a type in that there is control
and amplified the signal, from here the technology of electronics is born.
In 1940’s Starting of Transistors
First transistor were made in middle of 20th century in 1947 at Bell Lab by “Bardeen”, “Shockley” and “Brattain”. With the help of point contact
technology a BIPOLAR TRANSISTER is made. And then in 1951 JUNCTION FIELD EFFCT
TRANSISTER (JFET) invented. And in 1952 single crystal
silicon is fabricated. And such way as the science grow like Oxide masking is
developed then technology adopted and in 1958 first Integrated Circuited
is built in Texas Instrument by the Jack Kilby, and this is starting of the
Integrated Circuit fabrication.
And some time later there come a improvement by the Fairchild
Semiconductor like Planner process in which first take a silicon layer and on
that all the transistor are distributed, like passive oxide layer to protect
the junctions.
And thus way different technology come like-
SSI- small scale integration (up to 20 gate per chip In1960)
MSI- medium scale integration (up to 20-200 gates per chip After 1060)
LSI- large scale integration ( up to 200-5000 gates per chip in 1070)
VLSI- very large scale integration ( > 5000 gates per chip in 1980)